Research and Development in Hong Kong: The Way Forward
TABLE 1 1998 Data for R&D Expenses and Personnel for Selected Economies
|
Economies |
Population (million) |
GDP (US$
billion) |
GERD |
GERD
/ GDP |
RDP
per 1,000
people |
||||||
|
Private (US$
million) |
Public (US$
million) |
Total (US$
million) |
Private (%) |
Public (%) |
Total (%) |
||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Developed Economies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Canada |
30.3 |
596 |
5,985 |
3,377 |
9,362 |
1.00 |
0.57 |
1.57 |
4.42 |
||
|
France |
60.4 |
1,390 |
19,157 |
11,981 |
31,138 |
1.34 |
0.90 |
2.24 |
5.50 |
||
|
Germany |
82.0 |
2,154 |
33,883 |
15,884 |
49,767 |
1.57 |
0.74 |
2.31 |
5.54 |
||
|
Japan |
126.5 |
4,202 |
88,093 |
34,182 |
122,275 |
2.10 |
0.81 |
2.91 |
7.09 |
||
|
UK |
59.2 |
1,317 |
15,635 |
8,337 |
23,972 |
1.19 |
0.63 |
1.82 |
4.80 |
||
|
US |
269.1 |
8,505 |
171,295 |
56,639 |
227,934 |
2.01 |
0.67 |
2.68 |
3.73 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Developing Economies : |
|||||||||||
|
China |
1,248.1 |
964 |
2,983 |
3,672 |
6,655 |
0.31 |
0.38 |
0.69 |
0.60 |
||
|
India |
946.3 |
344 |
448 |
1,855 |
2,303 |
0.13 |
0.54 |
0.64 |
0.13 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| (B) MEDIUM-SIZED ECONOMIES |
|||||||||||
|
Finland |
5.2 |
126 |
2,496 |
1,186 |
3,682 |
1.98 |
0.93 |
2.91 |
6.58 |
||
|
Hong Kong |
6.8 |
162.3 |
178* |
405 |
583* |
0.11* |
0.25 |
0.36* |
1.5
(est.) |
||
|
Israel |
6.0 |
97 |
1,466 |
1,115 |
2,581 |
1.51 |
1.14 |
2.65 |
N/A |
||
|
Singapore |
3.9 |
83 |
918 |
571 |
1,489 |
1.11 |
0.69 |
1.80 |
3.86 |
||
|
Taiwan |
21.9 |
267 |
3,330 |
1,964 |
5,294 |
1.25 |
0.73 |
1.98 |
4.66 |
||
TABLE A1: Federal R&D Budget in USA
Year
|
GERD (millions
of US$) |
Defense R&D as % of Total |
||
|
Total |
Non-defense |
Defense |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 |
63,781 |
23,856 |
39,925 |
62.6% |
|
1991 |
65,898 |
26,570 |
39,328 |
59.7% |
|
1992 |
68,398 |
28,337 |
40,061 |
58.6% |
|
1993 |
69,884 |
28,635 |
41,249 |
59.0% |
|
1994 |
68,331 |
30,567 |
37,764 |
55.3% |
|
1995 |
68,791 |
31,587 |
37,204 |
54.1% |
|
1996 |
69,049 |
31,248 |
37,801 |
54.7% |
|
1997 |
71,653 |
32,062 |
39,591 |
55.3% |
|
1998 |
73,569 |
33,746 |
39,823 |
54.1% |
|
1999 |
76,886 |
36,499 |
40,387 |
52.5% |
Source: Office of Management and Budget, USA Federal Government
TABLE A2: Comparing Government Support in Basic Research between Hong Kong & USA
(for 1999/2000)
Economy
|
Funding
Agency |
Annual Budget (billions of HK$) |
Population (million) |
Expenditure per capita (HK$) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hong Kong |
RGC |
0.47 |
6.8 |
68.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
USA |
Total (non-defense) |
284.69 |
270 |
1054.4 |
|
|
NIH |
138.79 |
270 |
514.0 |
|
|
NSF |
30.40 |
270 |
112.6 |
Notes:
1. Hong Kong currently has no separate funding agency for life science. All research projects (including life and physical sciences, engineering, humanities and social science) are funded by RGC (Research Grants Council).
2. In USA, NIH (National Institutes of Health) is the major funding agency for life science. NSF (National Science Foundation) is the major funding agency for basic general science.
3. The non-defense data are from year 1999. All others are from 2000.